The purpose of this text is to provide a review of the empirical research and conceptual discussions surrounding gender and to examine the implications of gender for relationships and health.The focus of this book goes beyond biological sex and gender identity to explore the roles that society has assigned to females and males and the other variables that co-occur with sex, such as status and gender-related traits. The implications of social roles, status, and gender-related traits for relationships and health are examined.This is why the book is entitled The Psychology of Gender rather than The Psychology of Sex. Gender is a term that represents the social and cultural forces that inflence members of our society.The book discusses the “psychology” of gender because the focus is on the individual in the social context. The primary focus is not on biology or anthropology, although their contributions to the study of gender are included.