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Discourse Cohesion and Accessibility of Referents in Oral Narratives: A Comparison of L1 and L2 Acquisition of French and English

This study aims at comparing L1 and L2 acquisition processes through an analysis of the linguistic means used to ensure discourse cohesion in the oral narratives of French and English four-, seven- and ten-year-old children and of adult learners of these two languages. We focused on the use of high accessibility markers (HAM) (zero anaphora, subject and object pronouns) and low accessibility markers (LAM) (definite noun phrases) by the different groups of learners to analyze the way they maintained and switched reference to the protagonists of the story. Our results highlight a tendency to underspecification among children, who use HAM in a higher proportion than native adults and produce ambiguous forms in context; and a tendency to overspecification among adult advanced and intermediate L2 learners, who favour LAM even where pronouns could be envisaged. This might be explained by the impact of cognitive factors as well as crosslinguistic influences on the productions of L1 and L2 learners.

Differences in Attainment and Performance in a Foreign Language: The Role of Working Memory Capacity

The goal of this study is to investigate the role of working memory capacity in L2 attainment and performance. The study uses an L1 reading span task to measure working memory of a group of 59 high-intermediate/advanced learners of English, and a film retelling task to measure their oral production. The analysis first showed a moderate to high correlation between proficiency measured by a general proficiency test and learners’ fluency, lexical complexity, and accuracy but not structural complexity on the retelling task. Secondly, no correlation was found between overall proficiency and working memory. Thirdly, a weak correlation was found between fluency and lexical complexity, and working memory. When the group was split into top and bottom levels of proficiency, moderate correlations were found between lexical complexity and working memory only for the high-proficiency group. The results are discussed in the light of previous research.

Die Übersetzung des Historischen Lexikons der Schweiz: Ein Unternehmen von sprachpolitischer Bedeutung

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Übersetzung des Historischen Lexikons der Schweiz und basiert auf den Erfahrungen von drei Mitarbeitern. Die Enzyklopädie wird simultan in den drei Amtssprachen Deutsch, Französisch und Italienisch sowie in einer Kurzversion auf Rätoromanisch veröffentlicht, was eine komplexe administrative Planung und terminologische Präzision erfordert. Der Beitrag beschreibt konkrete Probleme bei der Übersetzung historischer Texte, die über bloßes sprachliches Wissen hinaus fundierte Kenntnisse der Schweizer und europäischen Geschichte verlangen. Dabei wird die Bedeutung der Mehrsprachigkeit für die Schweizer Identität hervorgehoben, während auf den Verzicht von maschinellen Übersetzungsprogrammen zugunsten traditioneller Methoden hingewiesen wird.

Die Mundart von Bosco Gurin

Bosco Gurin, the highest village in the Swiss canton of Ticino, was settled before the first half of the thirteenth century from the Wallis. It is an independent community which has about 60-70 inhabitants. The Alemannic dialect spoken in the village, Gurinerdeutsch, has been investigated since the nineteenth century. This paper provides an overview of the village's external circumstances, its linguistic structure, including phonology and grammar, with particular emphasis on nouns and verbs.

Dialekt/ologie an der Jahrtausendwende: Die neuen dialektologischen Wenden

Dieser Artikel dient als Vorwort zur Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Linguistik online und reflektiert die Ergebnisse des Hauptseminars "Dialekt und Dialektologie an der Jahrtausendwende". Der Text beleuchtet die aktuelle Lage der Dialektologie als Forschungsfeld, die Bedeutung neuer technischer Methoden für die Analyse syntaktischer und prosodischer Phänomene sowie das Zusammenspiel von dialektalen Varietäten und Standardsprache. Es werden verschiedene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die sich mit der räumlichen Dimension sprachlicher Ausprägungen befassen, und die Entwicklung hin zu einer syntaktischen und prosodischen Wende innerhalb der Disziplin diskutiert.

Das generische Maskulinum im Deutschen: Ein historischer Spaziergang durch die deutsche Grammatikschreibung von der Renaissance bis zur Postmoderne

The article examines the evolution of the "generic masculine" in the German language as reflected in grammars from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It explores how grammarians historically treated masculine personal nouns and their ability to refer to both sexes, contrasting this with modern discussions and feminist linguistic critique. The author traces the development of grammatical norms, the role of gender in language, and the historical lack of explicit normative attempts to enforce the generic masculine in German compared to the English experience, providing a detailed historical perspective on linguistic and social structures.

Education Yesterday, Education Tomorrow

This volume of Daedalus, the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, presents a collection of essays focused on the critical examination of the American educational system. Contributors explore the history, current state, and future prospects of education, addressing themes of educational reform, policy challenges, school performance, and the transformative power of learning in the knowledge era. The articles offer diverse perspectives from experts in various fields to analyze the complexities and necessary changes within educational institutions, providing insights into both systemic flaws and potential pathways for sustainable improvement and innovation.

Cultural Nationalism and the Irish Literary Revival

The article explores the impact of cultural nationalism on the Irish Literary Revival, revisiting familiar themes in the light of contemporary theories of nationalism and testing their validity in the Irish context. The author examines the interplay between political and cultural identity, analyzing the work of influential writers such as Yeats, Shaw, Joyce, and Beckett. It delves into the historical encounter between Britain and Ireland, the construction of Irishness, and how twentieth-century Irish writers engaged with concepts of nationhood, distinctiveness, and resistance against the backdrop of a changing political landscape and the aftermath of colonial influence.

Cross-linguistic evidence and the licensing of implicit arguments

This paper discusses the occurrence and the licensing of implicit object arguments, also referred to as null complements or understood arguments. The authors argue against purely functionalist accounts that rely exclusively on general pragmatic principles, suggesting that these are insufficient to explain the phenomenon. They propose a two-stage model consisting of a lexical-syntactic and an interpretational-pragmatic component, and emphasize the importance of cross-linguistic data in developing a satisfactory theory. The paper also reviews Fillmore's lexical-syntactic approach and his classification of indefinite and definite null complements, while applying these concepts to various examples.

Corpora and historical linguistics

The article aims to survey and assess the current state of electronic historical corpora and corpus methodology, while exploring possible future developments. It highlights the emergence of historical corpus linguistics as a vibrant field that has significantly enhanced the study of language history and change. The text discusses the transition from pre-electronic to electronic corpus-based research, the rationale behind the corpus linguistic approach, and the importance of stratified, balanced corpora. It also addresses the role of electronic resources in facilitating the empirical study of language variation and change, offering insights into systematic analysis and the integration of language-theoretical considerations in modern linguistic research.

Constitución de un corpus de semántica verbal del español. Metodología de anotación de núcleos argumentales

El presente artículo detalla la metodología y el desarrollo del proyecto de desambiguación semántica de los núcleos argumentales de SenSem, un corpus equilibrado constituido por 100 oraciones para cada uno de los 250 verbos más frecuentes del español. El resultado, unido a desarrollos anteriores del proyecto, es un corpus ricamente etiquetado con información sintáctica y semántica, conectado a una base de datos que recoge la información pertinente para cada sentido verbal, por lo que el recurso resultante es adecuado para estudios empíricos centrados en el verbo. Se presenta asimismo un análisis crítico de WordNet 1.6 del español como recurso de anotación lexico-semántica de corpus y una guía de criterios de anotación, ambos de utilidad para tareas similares de etiquetado con WordNet.

Computer-Assisted Language Learning and the Revolution in Computational Linguistics

This article examines the historical relationship between Computational Linguistics (CL) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), arguing that for a long period they developed independently due to CL's preoccupation with Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The author explores how the 1990s crisis in NLU-oriented approaches led to a more problem-oriented paradigm, creating new opportunities for integration between the fields and demonstrating why recent revolutions in CL offer promising perspectives for the future of CALL.

Computer-aided technical translation workflows - man-machine in the construction and transfer of corporate knowledge

This paper provides an overview of the latest workflow patterns leading to multilingual technical documentation production and management. The author examines how the role of the translator is evolving, moving from an isolated role to a collaborative one involving pre-editing, machine translation and other technologically-driven competencies. The article discusses the GILT (Globalisation, Internationalisation, Localisation and Translation) framework, the importance of culturally informed translation competence, and the challenges these developments pose for universities and professional training institutions. The text emphasizes that man-machine cooperation is essential for the effective transfer of corporate knowledge in today's globalized market.

Comment traduire les noms d’émotion. Etude contrastive entre le grec moderne et le français

Cet article présente une étude contrastive sur l'expression des sentiments en grec moderne et en français, en se focalisant sur les noms prédicatifs exprimant une émotion. L'objectif est d'établir des équivalences entre les lexiques des deux langues en examinant les propriétés syntaxiques et lexicales des constructions, tout en prenant en compte les modalités aspectuelles, stylistiques et les spécifications des registres de langue liées aux éléments lexicaux tels que les verbes supports et les déterminants nominaux.

Budaya Lokal dan Hegemoni Negara: Legitimasi Kuasa di Balik Kearifan Lokal

Buku ini membahas secara mendalam mengenai dinamika hubungan antara kebudayaan lokal dan hegemoni kekuasaan negara, serta bagaimana legitimasi kuasa dibentuk melalui kearifan lokal. Analisis dalam karya ini menelaah interaksi kompleks antara masyarakat dengan tradisi mereka di tengah tekanan kebijakan dan kontrol negara. Dengan pendekatan sosiologis dan antropologis, penulis menguraikan bagaimana nilai-nilai tradisional seringkali diinterpretasikan ulang sebagai instrumen untuk memperkuat legitimasi politik serta bagaimana masyarakat lokal merespons atau bernegosiasi dengan pengaruh kekuasaan yang datang dari luar. Karya ini sangat relevan untuk memahami posisi budaya sebagai aset sekaligus medan kontestasi kekuasaan dalam konteks Indonesia kontemporer.

Berislam ala Tionghoa: Pergulatan Etnisitas dan Religiositas di Indonesia

Buku ini mengeksplorasi dinamika kompleksitas identitas Muslim Tionghoa di Indonesia pasca-Orde Baru. Penulis menyoroti bagaimana etnis Tionghoa menegosiasikan keislaman dan identitas budaya mereka dalam lanskap sosial dan politik Indonesia yang terus berubah. Dengan pendekatan etnografis, buku ini mengungkap praktik keagamaan, arsitektur masjid, serta peran figur-figur publik Tionghoa dalam narasi Islam kontemporer, sekaligus mematahkan stereotip mengenai pertentangan antara identitas Tionghoa dan keislaman.