This work provides a compact yet comprehensive overview of the economic development of the Soviet Union from its revolutionary beginnings in 1917 to its later decades. It traces the transformation from a predominantly agrarian society to an industrial superpower, examining key policies such as War Communism, the New Economic Policy (NEP), and the Five-Year Plans. The book highlights the successes and failures of central planning, industrialization, collectivization, and labor mobilization, while also considering the social and political impacts of economic policy. It serves as both a historical narrative and an analytical framework for understanding how ideology, state control, and global pressures shaped the Soviet economy. Ideal for students and researchers seeking a concise introduction to Soviet economic history.